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.2.Richard Hofstadter, Abraham Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth, in TheAmerican Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It (1948; repr., New York,1973), 117, 129, 131.Hofstadter coined what is easily the most memorable commentever made on the Proclamation when he complained that it had all the moralgrandeur of a bill of lading. Hofstadter meant to imply triviality, but a bill of lad- understanding emancipation 145ing was actually a significant commercial document in the antebellum economy. There is no one instrument or contract used in commercial transactions made tosubserve so many various, useful, and important purposes, as the Bill of Lading, wrote P.C.Wright in DeBow s Review in July 1846. Yet it appears.that thereis no one so little understood, as to its legal effect, when applied to some of thepurposes to which it is peculiarly adapted.A Bill of Lading is defined to be aninstrument signed by the master of a ship, or by someone authorized to act in hisbehalf, whereby he acknowledges the receipt of merchandise on board his vessel,and Engages.to deliver the same at the port of destination in safety. If thiswas what the Emancipation Proclamation was supposed to do, then Hofstadterwas offering Lincoln more of a compliment that he intended.3.Lerone Bennett, Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist? Ebony 23 (Febru-ary 1968), 35 38, 40 42; James Baldwin, The Fire Next Time (New York, 1964), 22,115; An Open Letter Sent to Howard President James M.Nabrit, February 1968,in The Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader: Documents, Speeches and FirsthandAccounts from the Black Freedom Struggle, 1954 1990, ed.Clayborne Carson et al.(New York, 1991), 462 63.4.William Henry Herndon to Jesse Weik, February 25, 1887, in Herndon-WeikPapers, Group 4, reel 9, Pö1893 96, Library of Congress; Charles Maltby, The Lifeand Public Services of Abraham Lincoln (Los Angeles, 1884), 174; J.G.Holland,The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Springfield, MA, 1866), 348, 355; George Boutwell,in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time, ed.Al-len Thorndike Rice (New York, 1886), 125; LaWanda Cox, Lincoln and BlackFreedom, in The Historian s Lincoln: Pseudohistory, Psychohistory, and History,ed.Gabor S.Boritt (Urbana, IL, 1988), 177; Ida M.Tarbell, The Life of AbrahamLincoln (New York, 1904), 2:96; Julius Lester, Look Out, Whitey! Black Power sGon Get Your Mama! (New York, 1968), 58, 63.5.Isaac Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery(Chicago, 1866), 300, 685 86; Joshua Speed to Herndon, February 7, 1866, andJoseph Gillespie to Herndon, December 8, 1866, in Herndon s Informants: Letters,Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln, ed.Douglas L.Wilson andRodney O.Davis (Urbana, IL, 1998), 197, 507; Lincoln, Speech to One Hun-dred Fortieth Indiana Regiment, March 17, 1865, and To Albert G.Hodges, April 4, 1864, in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed.Roy P.Basler (NewBrunswick, NJ, 1953 55), 7:281 82, 8:360 61.6.Lincoln, Second Debate with Stephen A.Douglas at Freeport, Illinois, August 27, 1858, in Collected Works, 3:40.7.Lincoln, Sixth Debate with Stephen A.Douglas, October 13, 1858, in Col-lected Works, 3:255; Ward Hill Lamon and Dorothy Lamon Teillard, Recollectionsof Abraham Lincoln, 1847 1865, ed.James Rawley (1911; repr., Lincoln, NE, 1994),67 68.8.Gillespie to Herndon, January 31, 1866, in Wilson and Davis, Herndon sInformants, 183; Don E.Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic: An Accountof the United States Government s Relations to Slavery (New York, 2001), 66; An 146 understanding emancipationAct concerning the District of Columbia, February 27, 1801, in The Debates andProceedings of the Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1851), 1552 55;Lincoln, To Horace Greeley, March 24, 1862, and To Nathaniel P
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