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.Edited by Mario Maj, Hagop S.Akiskal, Juan José López-Ibor and Ahmed Okasha.&2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd: ISBN 0-470-85833-8 356 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ INDEXanxiety (cont.) avoidant personality disorder (APD) 12,precipitant for onset of 239 23, 37, 51, 54, 73 4, 93, 190anxiety disorders 7, 15, 35, 50, 59 60, 65, azapirones 12671age of onset 337 barbiturate-assisted desensitization 125and affective disorders 70 barbiturates 129cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) behavioural desensitization 129229 behavioural experimentation 223 6comorbidity 66 specific phobias 225early intervention 113 15 behavioural inhibition, genetic influ-epidemiological aspects 337, 350 ences 296gender effect in 295 behavioural toxicity of pharmaco-genetic epidemiology 83 therapeutic agents used in socialin acute studies 157 phobia 172 4in children 76 benzodiazepines 97, 125 6, 129 31, 144,late-life 107 146, 159, 161 2, 164, 169 70, 270modes of acquisition (MOAs) 83 adverse effects 126prevalence in children 247 8 beta-blockers 127 8, 159, 163psychodynamic therapy 238 beta1-blocker 129social and economic burden 337 9 beta1-receptors 127treatment of 143 beta2-blocker 129broader effects on burden of illness beta2-receptors 127346 biological-constitutional factors 253see also generalized anxiety disorder bipolar comorbidity in phobic patients(GAD); social anxiety disorder 101(SAD) bipolar disorder 166Anxiety Disorders Association of and social phobia comorbidity 98 102America (ADAA) 329 bipolar I disorder 104anxiety neurosis 33 bipolar II disorder 104anxiolytics 149, 161 bird phobia 251anxious personality disorder 54 blood injection injury phobia 57, 194assertiveness 53 blood injury phobia 6, 12 13, 37, 44, 47atenolol 118, 127, 129 blood pressure 255attachment security 290 1 body dysmorphic disorder 19, 23, 130attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder breast cancer 27109 Brief Social Phobia Scale 155in children 249, 301 broad-spectrum effects 39attentional bias in social phobia 56 brofaramine 164Australian National Mental Health brofaromine 121Survey 67, 235 bromazepam 125, 170autonomic symptoms 117, 127 8 bupropion 125autonomous anxiety syndromes 238 bupropion-SR 125aversions 55, 57 buspirone 126, 149disablement due to 29discomfort due to 29 cardiorespiratory crisis 96examples 29 categorical approach 59 60avoidance, presence of 5 Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 300avoidance behaviour 117, 161 childhood-onset pervasive develop-avoidance measures 53 mental disorder (COPDD) 286avoidance problem 112 childhood phobias 90, 342 4avoidance scale 111 age of onset 280 INDEX ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 357agoraphobia in 247 separation anxiety disorder 249and retrospective studies of adults small animal phobias 251with anxiety disorders 283social anxiety 176anxiety disorders 76social cost and burden of phobias 343assessment and treatment 292 4social phobia 130, 247, 251attention-deficit/hyperactivityspecific phobias 249, 272 3, 280disorder 249, 301areas still open to research 273 4Brazilian studies 299 301SSRIs 124, 284causal processes 280stable/unstable 255 6claustrophobia 251systematic desensitization 258 62cognitive-behavioural procedurestreatment 288 90266 9treatment strategy 271 2cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)choking phobia 130222cholinergic gene expression 96combined psychosocial and pharma-cholinergic receptor regulation 96cological interventions 270 1citalopram 42, 121, 124, 132, 147commentaries 280 302classification 1 32, 43 5, 59 60comorbidity 287, 293clusters in 47 9consistent evidence 272 3commentaries 33 60contingency management 265 6comorbidity in 47 9continuation treatment 271context in 47 9development fears to phobias 290 1critical evaluation 38 40effectiveness of treatment 298politics and pathophysiology 36 8epidemiology 247 9purposes of 2 3etiology 249 57, 288 90, 295review 1 32exposure therapy 289claustrophobia 7fears, anxieties and treatment efficacyin children 251283 8Clinical Global Impression 321gender factor 298clinical severity measures 315implications for public policy 297 9clinical significance of phobias 108importance of linking theory, inter-clinical theories and empirical findingsvention and outcome 29294 8incomplete evidence 273clomipramine 42, 121, 129increased rates of anxiety disordersclonazepam 125 6, 144, 170and phobic disorders in parentsclonidine 127256clusters in classification 47 9inhibited and uninhibited 254 5, 281cognitive approach to phobias 55 9internalizing/externalizing behaviourcognitive-behavioural group treatment300(CBGT) 190 2longitudinal studies 284cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) 92,maintenance treatments 271109, 132 3, 143 5, 156 7, 176, 185 7,modelling techniques 262 5190, 293, 321 2overanxious disorder 249anxiety disorders 229pharmacological interventions 269durability of 226 870, 297efficacy of 215 16, 242prevalence of anxiety disorders 247 8in children 222, 266 9principles of treatment 257 71vs
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