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.That part of the Common Objectthe Internet.Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)that allows CORBA-based interaction overSee also Network File System.TCP/IP networks (including the Internet)by replacing Hypertext Transfer ProtocolInternet Network Information Center(HTTP).Abbreviated InterNIC.A cooperative ven-See also Common Object Request Brokerture between AT&T, the National ScienceArchitecture.Foundation, and Network Solutions, Inc.,that provides domain name registration andInternet Key Exchange See ISAKMP/assigns IP addresses for use on the Internet.Oakley.For more information on InterNIC, seeInternet Mail Access Protocol Abbre- www.internic.net.viated IMAP.A protocol that defines howInternet NFS See Internet Network Fileusers can access and store incoming e-mailSystem.messages.Internet mail servers use Simple Mail Internet Protocol Abbreviated IP, IPTransfer Protocol (SMTP) to move e-mail version 4, and IPv4.The session-layer pro-from one server to another and then use tocol that regulates packet forwarding byeither IMAP or Post Office Protocol (POP) tracking addresses, routing outgoing mes-to manage the e-mail and store messages in sages, and recognizing incoming messagesthe appropriate mailboxes.in TCP/IP networks and the Internet.192Copyright © 2000 SYBEX Inc., Alameda, CA.www.sybex.com 2461book Page 193 Thursday, May 4, 2000 11:59 AMInternet Relay ChatThe IP packet header contains the following A value of 6 indicates Transmission Con-fields: trol Protocol (TCP), and a value of 17 in-dicates User Datagram Protocol (UDP).Version Version number of the protocol.Header checksum Checksum for theIHL (Internet header length) Length ofheader.the header information.The header lengthSource address IP address of the sender.can vary; the default header is five 32-bitwords, and a sixth word is optional.Destination address IP address of therecipient.TOS (Type of Service) Various levels ortypes of service.Options/padding Optional informationand padding.Total length Length of the datagram inbytes, which can be a minimum of 576See also IP multicast; IPv6; Transmissionbytes to a maximum of 65,535 bytes.Control Protocol; Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol.Identification Information that the re-ceiving system can use to reassemble frag-Internet Relay Chat Abbreviated IRC.mented datagrams.An Internet client/server application that al-Flags The first flag bit (DF) specifies thatlows large groups of people to communi-the datagram should not be fragmentedcate interactively; developed by Jarkkoand must therefore travel over networksOikarinen in Finland.that can handle the size without fragment-Specific channels are devoted to a particularing it.The second flag bit (MF) indicatessubject, from the sacred to the profane, andwhether this is the last fragment.channels come and go regularly as interestFragment Offset An indication of wherelevels change.Each channel has its ownthis datagram belongs in the set of frag-name, usually prefaced by the pound signments; is used during reassembly.(#), as in #hottub.Time-to-Live (TTL) Originally, theWhen you join a channel, you can see whattime in seconds that the datagram couldothers have already typed; when you type abe in transit; if this time was exceeded,line and press Enter, everyone else sees yourthe datagram was considered lost.Nowtext.Most, but not all, of the conversationsinterpreted as a hop count and usually setare in English.If someone asks you for ato the default value 32 (for 32 hops), thispassword during an IRC session, don t bevalue is decremented by each routertempted to give it; someone is trying to trickthrough which the packet passes.Once ityou into divulging important informationreaches zero, the datagram is discarded.about your system.Protocol Identifies the transport-layer See also listserver; mailing list; news-process intended to receive the datagram.group; Usenet.193Copyright © 2000 SYBEX Inc., Alameda, CA.www.sybex.com 2461book Page 194 Thursday, May 4, 2000 11:59 AMInternet Research Task ForceINTERNET PROTOCOL FIELDSInternet Research Task Force Abbre- net, Internet applications, and internet-viated IRTF.An Internet organization that working technologies.creates long- and short-term researchISOC also coordinates the activities ofgroups concentrating on protocols, archi-many other Internet groups, including thetecture, and technology issues.Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the In-For more information on IRTF, seeternet Engineering Task Force (IETF), thewww.irtf.org.Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), and the Internet Research TaskInternet Service Provider AbbreviatedForce (IRTF).ISP.A company that provides commercial orFor more information on ISOC, seeresidential customers access to the Internetwww.isoc.org.via dedicated or dial-up connections.An ISPwill normally have several servers and ainternetwork Abbreviated internet.high-speed connection to an Internet back-Two or more networks using differentbone.Some ISPs also offer Web site hostingnetworking protocols, connected by meansservices and free e-mail to their subscribers.of a router.Users on an internetwork canSee also Internet Content Provideraccess the resources of all connectednetworks.Internet Society Abbreviated ISOC.Aninternational organization that promotes Internetwork Operating System Seecooperation and coordination for the Inter- Internetworking Operating System.194Copyright © 2000 SYBEX Inc., Alameda, CA.www.sybex.com 2461book Page 195 Thursday, May 4, 2000 11:59 AMInternetwork Packet eXchangeInternetworking Operating System Internetwork Packet eXchange Ab-breviated IPX
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